PASSIVE VOICE
Passive voice fokus pada apa yang telah dikerjakan orang atau benda tersebut. Di pasive voice objek dari kata kerja aktif menjadi subjek di kata kerja pasif. Tidak semua kalimat aktif mempunyai bentuk pasifnya. Namun semua kalimat pasif pasti dapat dibuat kalimat aktifnya. Karena hanya kalimat yang memiliki kata kerja transitif (kata kerja yang diikuti / memiliki objek) yang bisa dibuat pasif. Sementara kata kerja intransitif ( kata kerja yang tidak diikuti / tidak memiliki objek) tidak bisa dibuat pasif. Pola kalimat dalam kalimat pasif bahasa inggris sebagai berikut.
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Examples | Notes | ||||
Active Passive |    Subject verb objectAlexander Graham Bell invented the telephone
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell    Subject verb agent | Focus of active sentence: Alexander Graham Bell Focus of passive sentence: the telephone | |||
Umumnya dalam kalimat pasif digunakan frasa by. Frasa by ini digunakan bila kita ingin mengatakan bahwa pelaku suatu tindakan atau perbutan penting untuk diketahui.
Misalnya pada kalimat :
- Jakarta Undercover was written by Moammar Emka.
Dalam kalimat ini pembicara ingin menekankan bahwa Moammar Emka adalah penulis novel Jakarta Undercover.
Namun kalimat pasif seringkali digunakan ketika tidak diketahui siapa pelakunya atau tidak begitu penting untuk mengetahui siapa yang melakukan tindakan atau perbuatan. Dalam kasus ini kita tidak perlu memakai frasa by.
Misalnya dalam kalimat:
- Rice was grown in Indonesia.
Dalam kalimat ini kita tidak mengetahui siapa yang menanam padi. Yang jelas padi ditanam d Indonesia oleh seseorang, banyak orang atau petani.
A. The Passive Voice with Simple Present
Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif dalam Simple Present Tense ke kalimat pasifnya, kita menggunakan pattern (pola) sebagai berikut:
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Examples:
Simple Present Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
a. The thief stoles jewelry in dina’s house b. Grandmother cooks rendang | Jewelry in Dina’s house is stolen by the thief Rendang is cooked by Grandmother |
B. The Passive Voice with Present Continuous
Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif dalam Present Continuous Tense ke kalimat pasifnya, kita menggunakan pattern (pola) sebagai berikut:
 |
Examples:
Present Continuous Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
a. Rendy is sending packages into Semarang b. Feny and dina are launching a new album | Packages are being sent into Semarang (by Rendy) A new album is being launched by Feny and Dina |
C. The Passive Voice with Present Perfect
Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif dalam Present Perfect Tense ke kalimat pasifnya, kita menggunakan pattern (pola) sebagai berikut:
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Examples:
Present Perfect Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
a. Scientists have improved technology b. Loly has bought keyboard | Technology has been improved (by scientists) Keyboard has been bought by Loly |
D. The Passive Voice with Simple Past
Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif dalam Simple Past Tense ke kalimat pasifnya, kita menggunakan pattern (pola) sebagai berikut:
 |
Examples:
Simple Past Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
a. The government developed public transportations b. Windy sent the e-mail | Public transportations were developed by the government The e-mail was sent by Windy |
E. The Passive Voice with Past Continuous
Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif dalam Past Continuous Tense ke kalimat pasifnya, kita menggunakan pattern (pola) sebagai berikut:
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Examples:
Past Continuous Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
a. The astronaut was preparing missions to the planet b. Scientists were improving computer technology | Missions to the planet were being prepared (by the astronaut) Computer technology was being improved (by scientists) |
F. The Passive Voice with Past Perfect
Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif dalam Past Perfect Tense ke kalimat pasifnya, kita menggunakan pattern (pola) sebagai berikut:
 |
Examples:
Past Perfect Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
a. I had showed the slides of presentation b. We had flown the balloon | The slides of presentation had been showed (by me) The balloon had been flown (by us) |
G. The Passive Voice with Simple Past Future
Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif dalam Simple Past Future Tense ke kalimat pasifnya, kita menggunakan pattern (pola) sebagai berikut:
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Examples:
Simple Past Future Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
a. Galuh would watch a movie b. Leta would give a new bicycle to Fitri | A movie would be watched by Galuh A new bicycle would be given to Fitri by Leta |
H. The Passive Voice with Past Future Perfect
Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif dalam Past Future Perfect Tense ke kalimat pasifnya, kita menggunakan pattern (pola) sebagai berikut:
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Examples:
Past Future Perfect Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
a. Gea would have written biography b. Dedien would have drawn a classic dress | Biography have been written by Gea A classic dress have been drawn by Dedien |
I. The Passive Voice with Simple future
Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif dalam Simple Future Tense ke kalimat pasifnya, kita menggunakan pattern (pola) sebagai berikut:
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Examples:
Simple Future Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
a. Tami will buy a new dress b. Dito will repair the car | A new dress will be bought by Tami The car will be repaired by Dito |
J. The Passive Voice with Future Perfect
Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif dalam Future Perfect Tense ke kalimat pasifnya, kita menggunakan pattern (pola) sebagai berikut:
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Examples:
Future Perfect Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
a. Danio will have driven the motorcycle b. Hilman will have repaired the computer | The motorcycle will have been driven by Danio The computer will have been repaired by Hilman |
K. The Passive Voice with Modal Auxiliary
Untuk membentuk passive voice dengan menggunakan Modal Auxiliaries, kita menggunakan pattern (pola) sebagai berikut:
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Examples:
Modal Auxiliary | Modal Auxiliaries | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
Can | a. Intan can see germs b. Lita can’t touch a garbage | Germs can be seen by Intan A garbage can’t be touched by Lita | |
Could | a. Scientist could find a cure for cancer soon b. Vira could get jewelry from her boyfriend | A cure for cancer could be found (by scientist) soon Jewelry could be gotten (by vira) from her boyfriend | |
Should | a. A dentist should check your teeth once a month b. We should start space colonies | Your teeth should be checked (by dentist) once a month Space colonies should be started (by us) | |
Will | a. A doctor will perform plastic surgery b. Fina will take the money | Plastic surgery will be performed (by doctor) The money will be taken by fina |
L. It with The Passive Voice
It terkadang digunakan dalam passive voice untuk mengantikan nama dari seseorang atau sumber informasi.. Pattern (pola) ini sering digunakan dengan kata kerja sepert: believe, feel, hope, report, say and think. Kalimatnya menggunakan kata that yang diikuti dengan kata kerja.
Examples:
It with The Passive Voice | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
a. People believed that the Sun was the centre of the universe b. Some people thought that meteors are star falling from the sky | It was believed that the sun was the centre of the universe It was thought that meteors are falling from the sky |
M. Born with The Passive Voice
Ketika berbicara tentang kelahiran orang tertentu atau suatu peristiwa, kita menggunakan bentuk pasif “to be born”.
Examples:
- I was born in Iran.
- The twins were born just last year.
N. Get with The Passive Voice
Get bisa digunakan menggantikan to be pada situasi dimana sesuatu terjadi.
Examples:
- Our flight got cancelled = Our flight was cancelled.
- I got paid today = I was paid today.
Get tidak bisa digunakan pada situasi-situasi umum dan apabila bersama dengan kata kerja yang menyatakan keadaan (bukan tindakan).
Examples:
- He is liked by a lot of people. – Benar
- He gets liked by a lot of people. - Tidak benar
- She is known to be a hard-working employee. – Benar
- She gets known to be a hard-working employee.- Tidak benar
Get digunakan lebih sering dalam bahasa Inggris informal.
O. Need with The Passive Voice
Dalam bentuk passive, need digunakan dengan to be + verb 3 sesudah kata kerja need. Dengan catatan subek kalimat adalah benda selain orang.
Contoh:
- Active: The house need painting
- Passive: The house need to be painted.
Note:
Tense/verb form | Active voice | Passive voice |
Simple present | Keeps | Is kept |
Present continuous | Is keeping | Is being kept |
Simple past | Kept | Was kept |
Past continuous | Was keeping | Was being kept |
Present perfect | Has kept | Has been kept |
Past perfect | Had kept | Had been kept |
Future | Will keep | Will be kept |
Conditional | Would keep | Would be kept |
Perfect conditional | Would have keep | Would have been kept |
Present infinitive | To keep | To be kept |
Perfect infinitive | To have kept | To have been kept |
Present particile/gerund | Keeping | Being kept |
Perfect participle | Hane kept | Having been kept |
Bentuk passive biasanya digunakan :
- Bila lebih menarik untuk menekankan hal yang dilakukan daripada pelaku hal tersebut, atau bila pelakunya dianggap tidak penting.
Example :
o The Hero monument was built many years ago.
o He was put into prison.
- Bila kita ingin menemukan penderita perlakuan yang dinyatakan oleh kata kerja.
Examples:
o The man hit by car.
o The book was given to me by the teacher.
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